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Metabolic syndrome is not a single disease but rather a cluster of conditions that significantly increase the risk of developing chronic illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver disease.
The most significant risk factor is excess body fat, particularly when concentrated around the abdomen.

In contrast, diabetes mellitus is a well-defined medical condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that, once they exceed certain thresholds, meet the criteria for diagnosis.
However, both metabolic syndrome and diabetes share a common thread: they substantially increase the risk of cardiovascular complications and liver disease.

Metabolic Syndrome: Where to Start? What Tests Are Needed?

We discussed the topic with Dr. Athos Gentile, Medical Director and Geriatrician at Ars Medica, and Dr. Francesco Principe, Endocrinologist at the same clinic.

The blood tests required for diagnosis are similar for both conditions. It is essential to monitor blood pressure and measure waist circumference, which is typically increased in metabolic syndrome.

Which Specialist Should You See?

At Ars Medica, a multidisciplinary team of high-level specialists works in close collaboration—this integrated approach is crucial for effectively managing complex conditions such as metabolic syndrome.
Thanks to the combined expertise in endocrinology, cardiology, nutrition, and internal medicine, patients receive personalized, effective treatment plans tailored to their specific needs.

But what truly sets Ars Medica apart is the dedicated, patient-centered care. From the first consultation to full recovery, every member of the clinical team is committed to providing excellent medical care grounded in empathy, professionalism, and innovation.

Why Is Metabolic Syndrome a Multidisciplinary Condition?

Metabolic syndrome is considered multidisciplinary because it involves multiple organ systems and requires a coordinated effort from various specialists for proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Here's why:

It impacts multiple aspects of health:

Metabolic syndrome is not a standalone disease, but a combination of interconnected conditions that elevate the risk of heart disease and diabetes. These include:

• Endocrinology → Insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances

• Cardiology → High blood pressure and cardiovascular risk

• Nutrition and Dietetics → Dietary guidance and weight management

• Internal Medicine → Comprehensive symptom and comorbidity management

• Neurology → Increased risk of stroke and cognitive decline

• Psychology and Psychiatry → Mental health issues like stress, anxiety, and depression can worsen the syndrome

An integrated care model is essential because metabolic syndrome has numerous causes and consequences. A multidisciplinary team is necessary to:

• Detect risk factors early (blood tests, blood pressure, blood glucose)

• Personalize treatments (nutrition, physical activity, medication)

• Prevent complications (heart attacks, diabetes, kidney failure)

Why Does Metabolic Syndrome Typically Develop After Age 50?

This condition becomes more prevalent after the age of 50 for several reasons:

• Aging and a slower metabolism: As we age, basal metabolic rate decreases, making it easier to gain weight and accumulate visceral fat, a key driver of metabolic syndrome.

• Insulin resistance: Over time, the body's tissues become less responsive to insulin, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.

• Hormonal changes:

  • In men, declining testosterone levels contribute to increased fat mass and reduced muscle mass.

  • In women, menopause leads to lower estrogen levels, encouraging abdominal fat accumulation and changes in lipid metabolism.

• Higher incidence of hypertension: With aging, arteries lose elasticity, making high blood pressure more common—one of the defining criteria of metabolic syndrome.

• Sedentary lifestyle: Reduced physical activity with age contributes to weight gain, insulin resistance, and lipid imbalances.

• Cumulative metabolic damage: Years of poor diet, chronic stress, smoking, and alcohol misuse can gradually impair the body's metabolic regulation.