We discussed this with Dr. Camilli, a gynecologist at the Ars Medica Clinic.

Dr. Camilli, let’s start with the basics: what is a diagnostic hysteroscopy, and why is it so vital for women’s health?

Dr. Camilli: “A diagnostic hysteroscopy is a specialized outpatient procedure that gives us a direct, real-time view of the uterine cavity and cervical canal. It is a minimally invasive technique that allows us to diagnose various conditions with extreme precision, both during a woman’s reproductive years and after menopause. At Ars Medica, we believe our strength lies precisely in combining advanced technology with a deeply human approach.”

What are the symptoms or conditions that should prompt a woman to get this examination?

Dr. Camilli: “There are many indications. Abnormal uterine bleeding—both before and after menopause—is certainly a primary reason, as well as suspected polyps or fibroids found on an ultrasound. It is also a critical step in fertility workups and prior to assisted reproduction procedures. Early diagnosis is at the heart of our mission.”

Is there an ideal time of the month to perform a hysteroscopy?

Dr. Camilli: “Yes. For women of reproductive age, the exam should be scheduled immediately after their period, typically between days 5 and 13 of the menstrual cycle. During this window, the uterine lining is thin, giving us optimal visibility. For postmenopausal patients, however, it can be performed at any time.”

Is any special preparation required? Are there any contraindications?

Dr. Camilli: “Fasting or specific medication isn’t usually necessary. However, the procedure is contraindicated during pregnancy, in the presence of active pelvic inflammation, or with a known diagnosis of cervical cancer. At Ars Medica, we approach every patient with great empathy: we carefully evaluate her clinical history—such as cases of severe endometriosis—to determine if preventive antibiotics are needed.”

What happens if you decide to perform a tissue sample during the exam?

Dr. Camilli: “In some cases, a biopsy is necessary. The patient will only feel a brief cramp lasting a few seconds. The beauty of hysteroscopy is its immediacy: most conditions are diagnosed on the spot. You only need to wait for lab processing when a biopsy is taken. Throughout this entire process, our team’s dedication to finding clear answers and our attention to detail are what truly make a difference for our patients.”

Many patients arrive feeling anxious and scared, often because it’s their first time. How do you put them at ease?

Dr. Camilli: “The approach today is vastly different from what it used to be. We use an ultra-thin camera scope inserted through the cervical canal without a speculum (a technique called vaginoscopy), which drastically minimizes discomfort. To expand the uterine cavity, we use a fluid medium rather than gas, as it is far better tolerated.

The procedure takes just a few minutes, and the most common sensation is a mild cramp, similar to period pain. Of course, if we encounter specific anatomical challenges like stenosis or adhesions, we can opt for mild sedation, always prioritizing the patient’s comfort and well-being.”

Note for Patients: To reassure our patients